The
National Gallery’s Veronese: Magnificence in Renaissance Europe (19 Mar to 15 Jun 2014) is , for me, quite simply the most brilliant exhibition they have put on for a long time, it even tops the
Leonardo da Vinci: Painter at the Court of Milan back in 2012 which had the incredible bringing together of Leonardo’s
Virgins of the Rocks from the National and Louvre. The National has brought together 50 Veronese paintings the majority of which are brilliant.
OK I have to put my hand up I am big, BIG Veronese fan, I just love his use of colour, composition, scale, complexity and drama to create, for me, some of the most unforgettable images of the period. And he was his own man, at a time when the role of artist was changing from artisan/workman, paid by the square foot for his work, to the aesthetic individual interpreting a scene, being paid (and revered) according to his talent, and more importantly would be considered a gentleman rather than workman.
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Black Presence
in The Feast of the House of Levi aka The Last Supper 1573
555 by 1280 cm |
What totally converted me was his notorious 1573 interrogation over his painting
The Last Supper for a convent, which had a number of black servants as well as jesters all administering to Christ and apostles at the table . When called to account for why he painted so many other figures, than Christ and disciples, he said
‘we painters take, liberties, the same way as poets and lunatics’ and the same could, and should, be said of artists to this day.
And he has blacks in abundance.
The presence of blacks reflects his patrons - hinted at in the exhibition’s strap line – the rich, powerful and magnificent of Venetian society . Blacks as enslaved servants were essential accessories to Venetian high society as attendants and objects of possession and fashion.
Visually every room was stunning, delights to the eye were everywhere, and to add to my pleasure there were black figures to be found in almost every room!
Universally, Veronese positions his blacks on the edge or at the very rear of the composition (some so far on the edge they are cropped!) , reflecting their subservient role in Venetian society , the majority having been brought as slaves from the Portuguese or Spanish. The bottom left and right hand corners are often reserved for the patrons of the painting, to look up and into the scene they have sponsored in the hope of eternal salvation. It’s ironic the black is found to be taking that position.
Room 1
Early Works
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The Supper at Emmaus, about 1555
242 by 416 cm |
The room is dominated by the magnificent
The Supper at Emmaus which contains all the hall marks of a quintessential Veronese: it’s
BIG 2.4 by 4.2 meters, it has a classical architectural back drop, it’s packed with figures across the picture plane and going back into the picture, its colour combination are like an exercise in use of the colour wheel complimentary colours, like the mother figure on the right her orange dress and blue wrap work together, to create a very pleasing effect.
This painting looks like a wealthy patron family’s full length portraits of its household, as all those around the table, observing Christ taking supper with pilgrims, look like members of the same family. There is the most delightful picture within a picture at the bottom center, a charming depiction of two ,who look like, sisters, maybe even twins, cuddling a stoically resigned looking dog. There is so much happening in the painting the eye never rests.
Then there at the very back of
The Supper at Emmaus, in the shadows is the black attendant. We only see his head in profile. What he is doing is unclear, I would propose Veronese has included him to underline the family’s wealth and status as black servant were only to be found in such homes, the black servant going along with the palatial setting of Veronese’s patrons.
Room 2
Portraits 1555-1565 (Veronese 27 yrs to 35)
No blacks here, interestingly there are no additional figures to underline the status of the sitter. Some years earlier Titian had used a black in a
Portrait of Laura Dianti. I have yet to see a Veronese portrait with a black in a supporting role, I would not be surprised to see one, as they were status symbols as shown by the Titian.
In these portraits Veronese uses his exquisite painting technique to depict the expensive , high status cloths and jewelry to let the viewer know, in no uncertain terms, how important and wealthy these sitters are.
Room 3
Altarpiece & Painting’s for Churches
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The Miracle of St Barnabus, about 1565 to 1570
193 by 260 cm |
In
The Miracle of St Barnabus Veronses has St Barnabus using the Gospel to miraculously cure a sick man, in the bottom left hand corner is a black attendant, seen lighting candles. He is in a compositional position often reserved for the patron he looks into the picture. He is seemingly temporally distracted, in his right hand he takes a flame from the fire to light the four candles in his left hand.
The candles are not for light as the blue sky indicates so perhaps they are there to symbolize or enhance healing
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The Martyrdom of St George, about 1565 to 1570
193 by 260 cm |
Room 4
Theatricality & Magnificence
This room was the highlight of the show with the largest black presence and to my eye the most outstanding picture in the show -
The Martyrdom of St George a huge work, scrapping the ceiling, taxing the National’s presentation facilities almost to the limit!
The Martyrdom of St George is incomplete contrast in size (57 by 43 cm) and busyness to the
The Finding of Moses, which is an altogether much smaller and calmer work as Veronese captures a moment of contemplation as the princess considers the baby Moses and what to do.
Room 5
Art of Devotion
Two Adoration scenes, subtly difference, within a common, quintessential Veronese composition, packed with characters and colour. The Black King is typically the last in line of the three Kings, one stands alone while the other has a Black attendant
The Adoration of the Kings 1573 - National Gallery
The Adoration of the Kings 1573-4 - Santa Corona, Venice
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Detail from the two Adorations
LEFT National 1573 RIGHT Santa Corona 1573-4 |
Room 6
Allegories and Mythologies
Bar one painting made up of works from the National’s own collection of Veronese paintings. All OK but none is as dramatic or colourful as the rest of the exhibition and like Room 2 there is no black presence, so let’s move on…..
Room 7
Late Works
The only black presence here is in
Judith and Holofernes
We, via Veronese, enter this Biblical scene late, as Judith has already cut off Holofernes’s head. Judith is caught in the act of putting his head into a rather elegant bag held by Judith’s old, haggered looking Black maid, stooping graciously responding to her mistress’s command.
Conclusion
Putting Room 6 aside this is an outstanding exhibition, with wonderful pictures in every room show Veronese to be a master of colour and composition on a grand scale and not afraid to take ‘liberties’ to include one or two, sometime even three, black figures
A great day out, looking forward to seeing the Exhibition again as I will be visiting the exhibition with OU friends from the 2007 Summer School
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